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The Prophet Muhammad’s life and teaching center on the values he espoused in his public communication. His teachings focus on values identified by Burns (1978) who defines a transformational leader and in addition focus on extraordinary values which are gleaned from a textual analysis of his public communication. Bass (1985) explained that transformational leaders “inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the group or organization” and that “followers become motivated to expend great effort than would normally be expected” (p. 18) when they are adequately inspired. Muhammad did inspire, and continues today to inspire followers to follow his teachings and public communication and his directives.
Textual analysis was utilized in this research to review the writings of Muhammad in the Qur’an and the Ahadith, or writings about the Prophet, as it allows the researcher to describe and interpret the characteristics of the messages and to ascertain the meaning of the texts. This research is important as it cites the values of transformational leaders as cited by Burns (1978) with the findings here that extraordinary values the Prophet exemplified and espoused include character, and community. Muhammad demonstrated character values of gentleness, good character, humility, kindness, modesty, moderation, politeness, and truthfulness. He suggested community values of charity, forgiveness, hospitality, and mercy. The values he suggested are an excellent complement to the transformational leadership values of liberty, justice, equality, and collective well-being.
Muhammad’s interactions with all people, both in spiritual and secular dealings, impressed upon them the importance of his character and values. Because of his strong values, he was believable and trustworthy, encouraging all to follow the will of Allah. |
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